• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a brake (20) for an electric motor (10), comprising: - a cylinder head, - at least one brake disc intended to be rotated with the shaft of the electric motor, - at least one axially movable armature with respect to the cylinder head between a braking position where it is applied against the brake disc and an inactive position spaced from the brake disk, - at least one retaining element (50) axially movable with the armature, - at least one spring tending to maintain the armature in the braking position, - an electromagnet soliciting, when supplied with power, the armature in the inactive position, and - a locking system of the armature in the inactive position, the locking system having a locking member (70) movable between a locked position where it cooperates with the retaining member (50) to retain the armature in an inactive position against the spring biasing action and a spring position unlocked release of the frame allowing the return of the armature in the braking position.
    公开号:FR3021379A1
    申请号:FR1454664
    申请日:2014-05-23
    公开日:2015-11-27
    发明作者:Patrice Fouillet；Pascal Carriot；Francois Saunier
    申请人:Moteurs Leroy Somer SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to brakes for electric motors and electric machines equipped with such brakes, and more particularly but not exclusively the lack of current brakes equipping the motors used in cranes to rotate the boom relative to the tower or in the wind turbines to rotate the nacelle relative to the mast. The brake is said to lack current when the armature (s) pass to an inactive position when the electromagnet is energized, or the armatures being applied against a brake disc by one or more thrust springs in the absence of power supply of the electromagnet.
    [0002] There are situations where the brake must be kept in an inactive position to allow free rotation of the motor in the absence of power, for example in the case where the engine equips a crane, to bring the arrow to s' to orient freely in the direction of the wind in the event of a particular storm, and to avoid the risk of falling of the crane. To do this, various mechanical systems have been proposed, which aim to block the armature (s) of the brake in the inactive position even in the absence of power supply to the brake electromagnet. Existing systems are relatively complex and expensive and moreover, can be relatively bulky or difficult access, which makes it more difficult to install the electric machine in the crane, for example. The invention aims to further improve the brakes for electric motors, in particular to reduce the size of the machine equipped with such a brake and / or facilitate its implementation. In addition, some prior art systems may disturb the engine cooling air flow and require complex handling to manually release the brake. The invention thus relates to a brake for an electric motor, comprising: a) a yoke, b) at least one brake disk intended to be rotated with the shaft of the electric motor, c) at least one movable armature axially relative to the cylinder head between a braking position where it is applied against the brake disk and an inactive position spaced from the brake disk, d) at least one axially movable retaining element with the armature, e) at least one spring tending to maintain the armature in the braking position, f) an electromagnet soliciting, when supplied with power, the armature in the inactive position, and g) a locking system of the armature in the inactive position, the system locking device comprising a locking member movable between a locked position where it cooperates with the retaining element to retain the armature in an inactive position against the return action of the spring (s) and an unlocked position oulet of release of the armature perme. t the return of the armature in the braking position.
    [0003] Thanks to the invention, it has a compact mechanism, reliable and easy to control, either electrically or manually, directly or via a control cable. The invention can be applied to one or more brakes associated with the same electric motor.
    [0004] In a variant, the brake may comprise several brake disks and / or several reinforcements. The invention has many advantages, and in particular the brake can be realized, if desired, so as to be easily used in all positions. The manual operation can be relatively simple because the different organs to handle can be made close to each other if desired. The retaining element may preferably comprise a sliding rod in the cylinder head, preferably protruding axially from the latter to the rear. The locking member preferably comprises an arm cooperating with the retaining element to retain the frame in the inactive position against the return action of said spring (s). The brake may comprise two movable retaining elements with the armature, preferably arranged symmetrically relative to each other with respect to the axis of rotation of the motor, and preferably cooperating with the same locking member. The locking member may comprise two arms cooperating, in the locked position, each with a respective retaining element, these two arms being preferably made in one piece with each other.
    [0005] The locking member is preferably rotatable about a pivot, preferably about an axis of rotation parallel to that of the motor, and preferably still not coincident with it. The brake may comprise an elastic return member of the locking member, tending to return the locking member in its unlocked position of release of the armature. The brake may comprise a stop against which the locking member rests in the unlocked position. The locking system may comprise a lever for manually moving the locking member, preferably a lever fixed on the locking member, in particular on a lug made in one piece with one of the aforementioned arms. The brake may comprise an electric actuator making it possible to move the locking member, preferably an electromagnet mechanically connected to the locking member to, when it is supplied with current, to move the latter in the locking position, this electromagnet being preferably carried by a plate fixed on the cylinder head. The retaining element or elements may be fixed rigidly to the reinforcement, in particular by screwing. The or each retaining element may have a head in which can engage the locking member in the locked position. The locking member may comprise a fork engaging on the retaining element under said head, when the armature is in the inactive position and when the locking member is moved in the locked position. This fork is opposed to the return of the armature in the braking position.
    [0006] The head may be formed with a nut and / or a locknut, including a nut and / or locknut screwed to one end of the aforementioned rod of the retaining member. The fact of thus making the surface of the retaining member serving as a support, by means of a washer if appropriate, on the locking member, makes it very easy to adjust the operation of the brake, which adjustment can be carried out independently of the engine. The brake components can be assembled before mounting the brake on the motor, and the brake disc.
    [0007] The brake may comprise a manual control member of the brake, allowing, when moved from a rest position to an activation position, to bring the armature in a position away from the brake disc. A return member of the manual control member may be provided to tend to bring the manual control member into a rest position. The manual control member may comprise a stirrup having at its ends openings receiving connecting elements with the armature, movable therewith, the connecting elements being able to move relative to the stirrup when the reinforcement passes into position. inactive position, the displacement of the stirrup for driving with him the connecting elements to bring the frame in the inactive position. The connecting elements may each comprise a stud and a head under which extends an end of the stirrup, the head being preferably formed with a nut, in particular a spherical bearing nut. The manual control member and the lever can be substantially parallel when the brake is locked in the inactive position, which facilitates the visual identification of the state of the device when manual intervention is necessary. The subject of the invention is also a method for locking the brake armature of an electric machine according to the invention (inactive position, in which the following successive steps are performed: a) the control element is manually actuated; manual or electrically energized brake electromagnet, to bring the armature inactive position; b) while the manual control member is held in the activation position or the electromagnet is energized, the locking member is manually operated to lock the retaining element in order to keep the armature in the inactive position, or the electric actuator is energized to move the locking member and lock the retainer to maintain the armature in the inoperative position; c) the manual control member is released so that the latter returns to the rest position or the supply of the electromagnet is cut off, according to the operation performed in point a), then the locking member is released or cut off the power supply of the electric actuator, according to the operation performed in b), so that the retaining element keeps the armature in the inactive position.
    [0008] The invention also relates to a method of unlocking the brake armature '!' t electrical machine according to the invention, comprising the steps of: a) act manually on the manual control member or electrically power the brake electromagnet, to bring the armature in the inactive position and release the locking member of its locked position; b) release the manual control device or cut off the power supply to the electromagnet according to the operation performed in point a). The invention may be better understood on reading the following detailed description of an example of non-limiting implementation thereof, and on examining the appended drawing, in which: FIG. a schematic view in perspective of the rear part of an electric machine whose engine is equipped with a brake according to the invention; - FIG. 2 partially and schematically shows, with tearing away, elements of the brake, - FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1, with some components removed, and FIGS. 4 to 6 show details of the brake. The electric machine 1 according to the invention, shown in Figure 1, comprises a motor 10 of which only the rear portion is shown and a brake 20 which is associated with this motor. The electric machine 1 is for example intended to be mounted on a crane to rotate the boom relative to the tower. The electric machine 1 can still be used on other facilities such as an elevator. The electric motor 10 may be of any known type, synchronous or asynchronous, permanent magnet or not, distributed or concentrated winding stator, and inner or outer rotor. In the example illustrated, the motor 10 comprises, as can be seen in FIG. 2 in particular, an inner rotor 11 provided with a shaft 12 rotating around an axis of rotation X.
    [0009] The rotor 11 rotates inside a housing 13 on which is fixed the brake. More particularly, as illustrated in FIG. 2 in particular, the motor casing can be closed at its rear end by a flange 14 which is traversed by the shaft 12. The brake 20 comprises a counter-plate 21 which serves to fix it on the engine 10, for example by screws 22 engaged in the housing 13. The brake comprises a yoke 24 which is fixed on the plate against 21 for example by screws 25 and spacers 26. The yoke 24 is for example made by aluminum casting or aluminum alloy. The brake 20 comprises a frame 30 is axially movable along the axis of rotation X of the shaft 12. The brake 20 comprises a brake disc 31 which is disposed between the frame 30 and the plate against 21, and which carries gaskets 32 and 33, intended respectively to bear against the plate against 21 and the armature 30 when the latter is in a so-called braking position, being urged in this position by thrust springs 35, arranged within the cylinder head 34. The latter houses an electromagnet 39. When the latter is electrically powered, it exerts a magnetic field which tends to move the armature 30 away from the counterplate 21 and thus to move it away from the brake disk 31. The latter rotates with the shaft 12, being for example engaged on a fluted portion 14 of the shaft 12, in a conventional manner. The yoke 24 is for example made by aluminum casting. According to the invention, the machine 1 comprises a locking system keeping the brake 20 in the unlocked position independently of the power supply of the electromagnet 39. In the example under consideration, this locking system comprises at least one retaining member. 50, in this case two retaining members 50, arranged symmetrically to each other with respect to the axis of rotation X, these retaining members being visible in Figures 1, 5 and 6. In the example described, these retainers 50 each comprise a rod 51 whose front end is fixed in the frame 30, being for example screwed into it or otherwise assembled with it, and thus the rear end protrudes out of the breech 24.
    [0010] The rod 51 has an axis parallel to the axis X of rotation and moves with the yoke 30 parallel to the axis X. The rear end of the rod 51 is threaded and receives, as can be seen more precisely on 5, a flange nut 60 on which is tightened a lock nut 61.
    [0011] The assembly of the nut 60 and the locknut 61 forms a head under which a locking member 70 may engage, movable between an unlocked position, where it is remote from the head of the retaining member 50, which corresponds to the configuration illustrated in Figure 1, and a locking position of the retaining member where it engages under the head thereof to prevent the return of the retaining member 50 to the before, under the driving effect of the thrust springs 35. In the example, as seen more particularly in Figure 1, the locking member comprises two arms 72a and 72b, which are joined by a portion widened 73 provided with an opening for the passage of a pivot 74, allowing the locking member to pivot about an axis of rotation parallel to the axis X. This pivot 74 is for example constituted by a screw which is fixed in the cylinder head 24. It can be seen in Figure 1 in particular _ the pivot 74 is exc. Each arm 72a or 72b has at its end a fork 75 which can engage on the rod 51 of the corresponding retaining member 50 when the head of the latter has moved towards the center. rear with the frame 30, when the electromagnet 39 is powered. The locking member 70 is returned to the unlocked position shown in FIG. 1 by an elastic return member which is constituted, in the example illustrated, by a spring 80, one end of which is hooked on the arm 72a and the other end is immobilized on the bolt 24.
    [0012] In the example considered, the same arm 72a that the one on which the spring 80 is hung carries a bracket 83 on which is fixed a manual control lever 84 whose longitudinal axis extends substantially in a median plane of the machine containing its axis of rotation when the locking member 70 is in the locking position. In FIG. 1, the longitudinal axis of the lever 84 forms a non-zero angle with this median plane, the locking member being in the unlocked position. This angle at rest can be between 5 and 20 ° for example, better between 10 and 15 °.
    [0013] The arm 72a on which is hung the spring 80 can bear against a stop 86 at rest, in the unlocked position as shown in Figure 1. The stop 86 is for example formed by a rubber washer fixed on the yoke 24 by a screw. It can be seen in FIG. 2 in particular that the yoke 24 may have machined surfaces 90 on which, with the possible interposition of one or more washers, the locking member 70 sits. An electromechanical system comprising an electromagnet actuator 100 is provided for move the locking member 70 electrically. The electromagnet 100 is carried by a support plate 102 which can be fixed by screws on a machined receiving surface 91 of the cylinder head, visible in FIG. 2. The electromagnet drives an axis 110, visible in FIG. which is connected via for example a pin 111 and an angled tab 112 to the arm 72b. A switch 115 may be provided, being attached to the yoke 24 so as to be actuated by the arm 72b. This switch can be connected to electrical conductors of a cable 101 which also contains electrical conductors supplying the electromagnet 100. When the locking member 70 is in the locking position, the tab 117 presses a pusher 118 of the switch 115, which establishes, for example, an electrical contact and makes it possible to inform the operator and any associated system for controlling the operation of the brake of the effective coming into the locking position of the member 70. 100 may comprise a spring 120 which urges the locking member 70 in the unlocked position in the absence of power supply of the actuator. The brake 20 also comprises a manual control member comprising a handle 130 carried by a stirrup 131, the ends 132 of which are connected via connecting elements 134 to the armature of the brake. As can be seen more particularly in FIG. 4 in particular, each connecting element 134 may comprise a stud 137 whose axis is parallel to the axis of rotation X, whose front end is fixed to the frame 30 and whose the rear end carries a nut with brake 140. This nut can be spherical range, and a washer also spherical range can be interposed between the nut and the stirrup 131.
    [0014] The stud 137 can be guided axially by a sleeve 145 engaged in a corresponding bore 148 of the armature. Thus, the stud 137 slides along the X axis to accompany the displacement of the armature 30 and the head formed by the locknut 140 can move freely towards the rear of the end 132 of the stirrup when the electromagnet 39 is electrically powered to release the brake, during normal use thereof. The yoke 131 is biased in inoperative position against the yoke 24 by a spring 150 which is for example, as can be seen in FIG. 1 in particular, a helical spring whose end is hooked to a screw 152 attached to the yoke and whose other end is attached to a tab 155 formed with the stirrup 131.
    [0015] When the operator pulls back on the handle 130, the stirrup 131 moves backwards, which causes the connecting elements 134 to move backwards as well and causes the armature 30 to come off the brake disc 31. The operation of the brake 20 is as follows. To remotely lock the latter in the unlocked position, the electromagnet 39 is first powered electrically, which causes the retaining elements 51 to recoil and leads to the formation of a gap between the head of the retaining element 50. and the yoke 24. Then, the actuator 100 is electrically controlled to move the locking member 70 in the locked position, the fork 75 of each arm being engaged in the aforementioned range on the rod 51 of the element of restraint, under the head of it. Then, while the locking member 70 is held in this position, the electromagnet 39 ceases to be powered, which tends to bring the armature 30 to its braking position, under the action of the thrust springs 35 However, the armature 30 can not reach the brake disc, because the head of the retaining members bears against the locking member 70, whose thickness is sufficient for a game to remain between the frame and brake disc. The traction exerted on the retaining members 50 by the return springs 35 of the armature is sufficient so that, even when the power supply to the actuator 100 stops, the forks 75 of the arms 72a, 72b remain blocked under the heads. restraining elements. Thus, the brake remains in the unlocked position in the absence of any power supply, both the electromagnet 39 of the brake and the actuator 1E J.
    [0016] The switch 115 is actuated, which confirms to the operator that the brake is released, for example by lighting a corresponding indicator in the cabin of the crane. The brake 20 has just been described also offers the possibility of bringing it into the unlocked position manually, regardless of any power supply of the electromagnet or the actuator. To do this, the operator pulls on the handle 130 to move rearward the armature 30 of the brake and the retaining elements 50. Then, while maintaining the traction on the handle 130, the user acts on the lever 84, clockwise in FIG. 1, to cause the forks 75 of the arms 72a and 72b to engage under the heads of the retaining members 50. Then, while holding the lever 84 in place, the user can release the traction exerted on the handle 130, so as to cause the retaining elements 50 to bear on the arms, the forks 75 remaining then that the lever 84 is released, engaged on the rods 51 of the retaining elements 50 and remaining locked on these by the force exerted by the thrust springs 35 on the frame 30. To unlock the brake, the user can feed the electromagnet 39, causing the heads of the retaining elements 50 of the forks to move apart. 75 br aces. The return of the locking member 70 in its unlocked position can then be performed automatically, by the sole effect of the return spring 80, or possibly the assistance also provided by the spring 120 of the actuator 100. In case manual release, it is sufficient for the operator to pull the handle 130 so as to back the retainers 50 and allow the locking member 70 to return to its rest position, bearing against the stop 86.
    [0017] Of course, the invention is not limited to the example just described. It is possible, for example, to modify the shape of the lever 84 which pivots with the locking member 70. It is possible, if necessary, to provide a cable control, in particular of the Bowden type, to act remotely on the locking member 70. and / or the stirrup 131.
    [0018] Several cylinder heads and brake discs can be superposed, for example by providing a plurality of retaining elements associated with different reinforcements, respectively. One can have a locking member with only one arm or more than two arms.
    [0019] The phrase "with one" should be understood as synonymous with "comprising at least
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Brake (20) for an electric motor (10), comprising: - a yoke (24), - at least one brake disk (31, 32) intended to be driven in rotation with the shaft of the electric motor, - at least one armature (30) movable axially relative to the cylinder head (24) between the braking position where it is applied against the brake disc and an inactive position spaced apart from the brake disk, - at least one axially movable retaining element (50) with P.Axax (30), - at least one spring (35) tending to hold the armature in the braking position, - an electromagnet (39) biasing, when energized, the armature in the inactive position, and - a locking system of the armature in the inactive position, the locking system comprising a locking member (70) movable between a locked position where it cooperates with the retaining element (50) to hold the armature in position inactive against the return action of the spring (35) and a positi unlocking of the armature release allowing the return of the armature (30) in the braking position.
    [0002]
    2. Brake according to claim 1, the retaining element (50) having a rod (51) sliding in the yoke (24), preferably axially protruding therefrom rearwardly.
    [0003]
    3. Brake according to claim 1 or 2, the locking member (70) having an arm (72a; 72b) cooperating with the retaining element to retain the armature in the inactive position against the return action of the spring.
    [0004]
    4. Brake according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising two retaining elements (50) movable with the armature, preferably arranged symmetrically relative to each other with respect to the axis (X) rotation of the motor, and preferably still cooperating with the same locking member (70).
    [0005]
    5. Brake according to claim 4, the locking member having two arms (72a, 72b) cooperating, in the locked position, each with a respective retaining element, these two arms being preferably made in one piece one with the other.
    [0006]
    6. Brake according to any one of the preceding claims, the locking member (70) being rotatable about a pivot (74), preferably about an axis of rotation parallel to that of the engine, and preferably still no confused with this one.
    [0007]
    7. Brake according to any one of the preceding claims, compo t a member (80) for resilient return of the locking member, tending to bring the locking member (70) back to its unlocked position of release of the armature .
    [0008]
    8. Brake according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a stop (86) against which the locking member rests in the unlocked position.
    [0009]
    9. Brake according to any one of the preceding claims, the locking system comprising a lever (84) for manually moving the locking member (70), preferably a lever fixed on the locking member, in particular on a tab made in one piece with one (72a) of the arms defined in claim 5.
    [0010]
    10. F 'according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an electric actuator (100) for moving the locking member (70), preferably an electromagnet mechanically connected to the locking member for, when is supplied with current, move the latter in the locking position, this electromagnet is preferably carried by a plate fixed on the cylinder head.
    [0011]
    11. Brake according to any one of the preceding claims, the or the retaining elements (50) being rigidly attached to the frame, in particular by screwing. 20
    [0012]
    12. Brake according to any one of the preceding claims, the or each retaining element (50) having a head in which can engage the locking member in the locked position, including a fork (75) engaging on the retaining element under said head, in particular on the rod (51) of claim 2, when the armature is in the inactive position and when the locking member is moved in the locked position, this fork (75) is opposing the return of the armature (30) in the braking position.
    [0013]
    13. Brake according to claim 12, the head being formed by a nut (60) and / or against-nut (61), in particular a nut and / or against-nut screwed to one end of the rod (51) of the claim 2. 30
    [0014]
    14. Brake according to any preceding claim, comprising a member (130,131) for manual control of the brake, allowing, when moved from a rest position to an activation position, to bring the armature (30). in the spaced apart positionof the brake disc, and the brake preferably having (150) a return member of the manual control member, tending to return the latter to a rest position.
    [0015]
    15. Brake according to claim 14, the manual control member comprising a stirrup (131) having at its ends openings receiving connecting elements (140) with the armature, movable therewith, the connecting elements ( 140) can move relative to the caliper when the armature goes into the inactive position, the displacement of the stirrup for driving with it the connecting elements to bring the frame in the inactive position.
    [0016]
    16. Brake according to claim 15, the connecting elements (140) having a stud (137) and a head (134) under which extends an end (132) of the stirrup (131).
    [0017]
    Electric machine comprising an electric motor (10) and a brake (20) as defined in claims 1 to 16.
    [0018]
    18. Crane comprising an arrow movable relative to a tower, and an electric machine as defined in claim 17 for moving in rotation the boom relative to the tower.
    [0019]
    19. A method for locking the brake armature of an electric machine as defined in claim 17 in the inactive position, wherein the following successive steps are performed: a) the manual control member is manually actuated according to the invention; any one of claims 14 to 16 or electromagnetically energizes the brake electromagnet, to bring the armature inactive position; b) while the manual control member is held in the activation position or the electromagnet is energized, the locking member is manually operated to lock the retaining member to maintain the armature in the inactive position or energizing the electric actuator of claim 9 to move the locking member and lock the retainer to maintain the armature in the inoperative position; c) the manual control member is released so that the latter returns to the rest position or the supply of the electromagnet is cut off, according to the operation performed in point a), and then the locking member is released or the power supply of the electric actuator is cut off, according to the operation performed in b), so that the retaining element keeps the armature in the inactive position.
    [0020]
    20. A method of unlocking the brake armature of an electric machine as defined in claim 17, comprising the steps of: a) manually acting on the manual control member according to any one of claims 14 to 16 or electrically supplying the electromagnet (39) of the brake, to bring the armature (30) to the inactive position and release the locking member from its locked position; b) release the manual control device or cut off the power supply of the electromagnet according to the operation performed in point a)
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN106414189B|2019-06-18|
    EP3145763B1|2018-07-11|
    WO2015177767A1|2015-11-26|
    CN106414189A|2017-02-15|
    ES2688376T3|2018-11-02|
    EP3145763A1|2017-03-29|
    FR3021379B1|2018-02-16|
    引用文献:
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    CN109649366B|2018-12-11|2020-02-14|湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司|Sliding vehicle braking method, sliding vehicle braking device and vehicle|
    法律状态:
    2015-04-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2015-11-27| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20151127 |
    2016-04-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-04-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-05-02| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-04-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-04-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-05-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1454664A|FR3021379B1|2014-05-23|2014-05-23|BRAKE AND ELECTRIC MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH BRAKE.|
    FR1454664|2014-05-23|FR1454664A| FR3021379B1|2014-05-23|2014-05-23|BRAKE AND ELECTRIC MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH BRAKE.|
    ES15731689.4T| ES2688376T3|2014-05-23|2015-05-22|Brake for an electric machine and electric machine equipped with such a brake|
    EP15731689.4A| EP3145763B1|2014-05-23|2015-05-22|Brake for electric machine and electric machine equipped with such a brake|
    PCT/IB2015/053784| WO2015177767A1|2014-05-23|2015-05-22|Brake for an electric machine and electric machine provided with such a brake|
    CN201580026823.4A| CN106414189B|2014-05-23|2015-05-22|For motor brake and be provided with the motor of this brake|
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